Sparkling wine is characterized by its effervescence, created through natural carbonation. Typical flavors range from green apple and pear to citrus and brioche, with aromas often including floral and toasty notes. Common grape varieties include Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Pinot Meunier. Notable regions for sparkling wine production include Champagne (France), Prosecco (Italy), and Cava (Spain). An interesting fact: The vibrant bubbles in sparkling wine are due to a secondary fermentation process, creating its signature fizz.